Items where Author is "Papanicolas, Irene"

Naci, Huseyin ORCID: 0000-0002-7192-5751, Murphy, Peter, Woods, Beth, Lomas, James, Wei, Jinru and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2024) Population-health impact of new drugs recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England during 2000–20: a retrospective analysis. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736

Wouters, Olivier J. ORCID: 0000-0002-2514-476X, Sullivan, Sean D., Cousin, Emma M., Gabriel, Nico, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Hernandez, Inmaculada (2024) Drug prices negotiated by medicare vs US net prices and prices in other countries. JAMA. ISSN 0098-7484

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 and Lorenzoni, Luca (2024) Cross country comparisons in health price growth over time. Health Services Research, 59 (6). ISSN 0017-9124

Kyriopoulos, Ilias-Ioannis ORCID: 0000-0002-3932-8228, Machado, Sara R. ORCID: 0000-0002-9287-8165 and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2024) Wealth-related inequalities in self-reported health status in the United States and 14 high-income countries. Health Services Research, 59 (6). ISSN 0017-9124

Lagarde, Mylene ORCID: 0000-0002-5713-2659, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Stacey, Nicholas (2024) The demand for private telehealth services in low- and middle-income countries: evidence from South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 354. ISSN 0277-9536

Wouters, Olivier J. ORCID: 0000-0002-2514-476X, Naci, Huseyin ORCID: 0000-0002-7192-5751 and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2024) Health Technology Assessment in the US—a word of caution—reply. JAMA Internal Medicine, 184 (7). 851 - 851. ISSN 2168-6106

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746 (2024) International comparisons: Who has the best health system in the world? In: Research Handbook on Health Care Policy. Edward Elgar, pp. 268-287. ISBN 9781800887558

Wouters, Olivier J. ORCID: 0000-0002-2514-476X, Naci, Huseyin ORCID: 0000-0002-7192-5751 and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2024) Availability and coverage of new drugs in 6 high-income countries with health technology assessment bodies. Journal of American Medical Association: Internal Medicine, 184 (3). 328 - 330. ISSN 2168-6106

Moin, John S, Vigod, Simone N, Plumptre, Lesley, Troke, Natalie, Asaria, Miqdad ORCID: 0000-0002-3538-4417, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Wodchis, Walter P., Brail, Shauna and Anderson, Geoff (2023) Sex differences among children, adolescents and young adults for mental health service use within inpatient and outpatient settings, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada. BMJ Open, 13 (11). ISSN 2044-6055

Rigby, Samuel, Nacer, Hadjer, Field, Samantha, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, McKee, Martin and Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 (2023) How inflation threatens the NHS and what policy makers can do about it. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 381. ISSN 1756-1833

Lorenzoni, Luca, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Or, Zeynep, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Shatrov, Kosta, Wodchis, Walter, Janlov, Nils, Figueroa, Jose F., Bowden, Nicholas, Bernal-Delgado, Enrique and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2023) Why the US spends more treating high-need high-cost patients: a comparative study of pricing and utilization of care in six high-income countries. Health Policy, 128. 55 - 61. ISSN 0168-8510

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Figueroa, Jose F., Schoenfeld, Andrew J., Riley, Kristen, Abiona, Olukorede, Arvin, Mina, Atsma, Femke, Bernal‐delgado, Enrique, Bowden, Nicholas, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Deeny, Sarah, Estupiñán‐romero, Francisco, Gauld, Robin, Haywood, Philip, Janlov, Nils, Knight, Hannah, Lorenzoni, Luca, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Or, Zeynep, Penneau, Anne, Shatrov, Kosta, Stafford, Mai, Galien, Onno, Gool, Kees, Wodchis, Walter and Jha, Ashish K. (2021) Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high‐income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1335 - 1346. ISSN 0017-9124

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Riley, Kristen, Abiona, Olukorede, Arvin, Mina, Atsma, Femke, Bernal‐delgado, Enrique, Bowden, Nicholas, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Deeny, Sarah, Estupiñán‐romero, Francisco, Gauld, Robin, Haywood, Philip, Janlov, Nils, Knight, Hannah, Lorenzoni, Luca, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Or, Zeynep, Penneau, Anne, Schoenfeld, Andrew J., Shatrov, Kosta, Stafford, Mai, Galien, Onno, Gool, Kees, Wodchis, Walter, Jha, Ashish K. and Figueroa, Jose F. (2021) Differences in health outcomes for high‐need high‐cost patients across high-income countries. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1347 - 1357. ISSN 0017-9124

Figueroa, Jose F., Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Riley, Kristen, Abiona, Olukorede, Arvin, Mina, Atsma, Femke, Bernal‐delgado, Enrique, Bowden, Nicholas, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Deeny, Sarah, Estupiñán‐romero, Francisco, Gauld, Robin, Haywood, Philip, Janlov, Nils, Knight, Hannah, Lorenzoni, Luca, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Or, Zeynep, Penneau, Anne, Shatrov, Kosta, Galien, Onno, Gool, Kees, Wodchis, Walter and Jha, Ashish K. (2021) International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1317 - 1334. ISSN 0017-9124

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Figueroa, Jose F. (2021) International comparison of patient care trajectories: insights from the ICCONIC project. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1295 - 1298. ISSN 0017-9124

Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Gool, Kees, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Bernal‐delgado, Enrique, Bowden, Nicholas, Estupiñán‐romero, Francisco, Gauld, Robin, Knight, Hannah, Abiona, Olukorede, Riley, Kristen, Schoenfeld, Andrew J., Shatrov, Kosta, Wodchis, Walter P. and Figueroa, Jose F. (2021) International comparison of spending and utilization at the end of life for hip fracture patients. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1370 - 1382. ISSN 0017-9124

Maynou, Laia, Mehtsun, Winta T., Serra-Sastre, Victoria and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2021) Patterns of adoption of robotic radical prostatectomy in the United States and England. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1441 - 1461. ISSN 0017-9124

Or, Zeynep, Shatrov, Kosta, Penneau, Anne, Wodchis, Walter, Abiona, Olukorede, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Bowden, Nicholas, Bernal‐delgado, Enrique, Knight, Hannah, Lorenzoni, Luca, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Riley, Kristen, Pellet, Leila, Estupiñán‐romero, Francisco, Gool, Kees and Figueroa, Jose F. (2021) Within and across country variations in treatment of patients with heart failure and diabetes. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1358 - 1369. ISSN 0017-9124

Wodchis, Walter P., Or, Zeynep, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Atsma, Femke, Janlov, Nils, Bai, Yu Qing, Penneau, Anne, Arvin, Mina, Knight, Hannah, Riley, Kristen, Figueroa, Jose F. and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2021) An international comparison of long‐term care trajectories and spending following hip fracture. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1383 - 1393. ISSN 0017-9124

Figueroa, Jose F., Horneffer, Kathryn E., Riley, Kristen, Abiona, Olukorede, Arvin, Mina, Atsma, Femke, Bernal-Delgado, Enrique, Blankart, Carl Rudolf, Bowden, Nicholas, Deeny, Sarah, Estupiñán-Romero, Francisco, Gauld, Robin, Hansen, Tonya Moen, Haywood, Philip, Janlov, Nils, Knight, Hannah, Lorenzoni, Luca, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Or, Zeynep, Pellet, Leila, Orlander, Duncan, Penneau, Anne, Schoenfeld, Andrew J., Shatrov, Kosta, Skudal, Kjersti Eeg, Stafford, Mai, van de Galien, Onno, van Gool, Kees, Wodchis, Walter P., Tanke, Marit, Jha, Ashish K. and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2021) A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons. Health Services Research, 56 (S3). 1302 - 1316. ISSN 0017-9124

Figueroa, Jose F., Wadhera, Rishi K. and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2020) Association of nursing home ratings on health inspections, quality of care, and nurse staffing with Covid-19 cases. JAMA, 324 (11). 1103 - 1105. ISSN 0098-7484

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Marino, Alberto ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8746, Lorenzoni, Luca and Jha, Ashish (2020) Comparison of health care spending by age in 8 high-income countries. JAMA network open, 3 (8). ISSN 2574-3805

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Orav, E. John and Jha, Ashish K. (2020) Is mortality readmissions bias a concern for readmission rates under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program? Health Services Research, 55 (2). 249 - 258. ISSN 0017-9124

Macarayan, Erlyn K., Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Jha, Ashish K. (2020) The quality of malaria care in 25 low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Global Health, 5 (2). ISSN 2059-7908

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Mossialos, Elias ORCID: 0000-0001-8664-9297, Gundersen, Anders, Woskie, Liana and Jha, Ashish (2019) Performance of UK National Health Service compared with other high income countries: observational study. BMJ, 367. ISSN 0959-8138

Lagarde, Mylène ORCID: 0000-0002-5713-2659, Huicho, Luis and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2019) Motivating provision of high quality care: It is not all about the money. The BMJ, 366 (74). ISSN 0959-8146

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Woskie, Liana R., Orlander, Duncan, Orav, E. John and Jha, Ashish K. (2019) The relationship between health spending and social spending In high-income countries: how does the US compare? Health Affairs, 38 (9). 1567 - 1575. ISSN 0278-2715

Tsugawa, Yusuke, Figueroa, Jose F., Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Orav, E. John and Jha, Ashish K. (2019) Assessment of strategies for managing expansion of diagnosis coding using risk-adjustment methods for medicare data. Journal of American Medical Association: Internal Medicine, 179 (9). pp. 1287-1290. ISSN 2168-6106

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Figueroa, Jose F (2019) Preventable harm: getting the measure right. BMJ, 366. ISSN 0959-8138

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2018) High prices, not waste or over-use, drive high health care costs in the US. USApp - American Politics and Policy Blog (04 Apr 2018). Website.

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Woskie, Liana R. and Jha, Ashish K. (2018) Health care spending in the United States and other high-income countries. JAMA, 319 (10). pp. 1024-1039. ISSN 0098-7484

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Jha, Ashish K. (2017) Challenges in international comparison of health care systems. JAMA, 318 (6). p. 515. ISSN 0098-7484

Mehtsun, Winta T., Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Zheng, Jie, Orav, E. John, Lillemoe, Keith D. and Jha, Ashish K. (2017) National trends in readmission following inpatient surgery in the hospital readmissions reduction program era. Annals of Surgery. ISSN 0003-4932

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2017) How to make sense of health system efficiency comparisons? OBS Policy Brief, Richardson, Erica (ed.) (27). World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter S. (2017) Using data envelopment analysis to address the challenges of comparing health system efficiency. Global Policy, 8 (S2). pp. 60-68. ISSN 1758-5880

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and McGuire, Alistair ORCID: 0000-0002-5367-9841 (2017) Measuring and forecasting quality in English hospitals. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society, 180 (2). 409 - 432. ISSN 0964-1998

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Figueroa, José F., Orav, E. John and Jha, Ashish K. (2017) Patient hospital experience improved modestly, but no evidence Medicare incentives promoted meaningful gains. Health Affairs, 36 (1). pp. 133-140. ISSN 0278-2715

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2017) Identifying the causes of inefficiencies in health systems. Eurohealth, 23 (2). pp. 3-7. ISSN 1356-1030

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 (2017) The challenges of using cross-national comparisons of efficiency to inform health policy. Eurohealth, 23 (2). pp. 8-11. ISSN 1356-1030

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2016) Conclusions. In: Cylus, Jonathan, Papanicolas, Irene and Smith, Peter C., (eds.) Health system efficiency: How to make measurement matter for policy and management. Health Policy Series. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels, Belgium, 225 - 241. ISBN 9789289050418

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2016) A framework for thinking about health system efficiency. In: Cylus, Jonathan, Papanicolas, Irene and Smith, Peter C., (eds.) Health system efficiency: How to make measurement matter for policy and management. Health Policy Series. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 1-20. ISBN 9789289050418

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and McGuire, Alistair ORCID: 0000-0002-5367-9841 (2015) Do financial incentives trump clinical guidance? Hip replacement in England and Scotland. Journal of Health Economics, 44. pp. 25-36. ISSN 0167-6296

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 (2015) Comparison of healthcare systems performance. In: Kuhlmann, Ellen, Blank, Robert H., Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn and Wendt, Claus, (eds.) The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK, pp. 116-134. ISBN 9781137384928

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2015) An analysis of perceived access to health care in Europe: how universal is universal coverage? Health Policy, 119 (9). pp. 1133-1144. ISSN 0168-8510

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2014) Theory of system level efficiency in health care. In: Culyer, A. J., (ed.) Encyclopedia of health economics. Elsevier (Firm), Philadelphia, USA, pp. 386-394. ISBN 9780123756787

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Kringos, Dionne, Klazinga, Niek S. and Smith, Peter C. (2013) Health system performance comparison: new directions in research and policy. Health Policy, 112 (1-2). pp. 1-3. ISSN 0168-8510

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 and Smith, Peter (2013) What drives people’s perceptions of their health system? In the UK, overall satisfaction with the NHS is closely associated with GP performance. British Politics and Policy at LSE (08 May 2013). Website.

Hernández-Quevedo, Cristina and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2013) Conceptualizing and comparing equity across nations. In: Papanicolas, Irene and Smith, Peter C., (eds.) Health System Performance Comparison: an Agenda for Policy, Information and Research. European Observatory on health systems and policies series. Open University, Buckingham, UK. ISBN 9780335247264

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Constantinou, Elisavet and Theodorou, Mamas (2013) Moving forward: lessons for Cyprus as it implements its health insurance scheme. Health Policy, 110 (1). pp. 1-5. ISSN 0168-8510

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 and Smith, Peter C. (2013) An analysis of survey data from eleven countries finds that 'satisfaction' with health system performance means many things. Health Affairs, 32 (4). pp. 734-742. ISSN 0278-2715

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Theodorou, Mamas (2013) In Cyprus, the Troika should be promoting health reforms towards universal coverage, not derailing them. European Politics and Policy at LSE (16 Feb 2013). Website.

Violato, Mara, Gray, Alastair, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Ouellet, Melissa (2012) Resource use and costs associated with coeliac disease before and after diagnosis in 3,646 cases: results of a UK primary care database analysis. PLOS ONE, 7 (7). e41308. ISSN 1932-6203

Cylus, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0001-8269-1578 and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2012) Perceptions of health care access in Europe: How universal is universal coverage? LSE Health and Social Care (01 May 2012). Website.

Kentikelenis, Alexander, Karanikolos, Marina, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Basu, Sanjay, McKee, Martin and Stuckler, David (2012) Health and the financial crisis in Greece – Authors' reply. The Lancet, 379 (9820). p. 1002. ISSN 0140-6736

Kentikelenis, Alexander and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2012) Economic crisis, austerity and the Greek public health system. European Journal of Public Health, 22 (1). pp. 4-5. ISSN 1101-1262

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and McGuire, Alistair ORCID: 0000-0002-5367-9841 (2011) Using a latent variable approach to measure the quality of English NHS hospitals. LSE Health working papers (21/2011). LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. ISBN 9780853284635

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and McGuire, Alistair ORCID: 0000-0002-5367-9841 (2011) Using a vector autoregression framework to measure the quality of English NHS hospitals. LSE Health working papers (22). LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. ISBN 9780853284642

Kentikelenis, Alexander, Karanikolos, Marina, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Basu, Sanjay, McKee, Martin and Stuckler, David (2011) Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy. The Lancet, 378 (9801). pp. 1457-1458. ISSN 0140-6736

Gray, Alastair M. and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2010) Impact of symptoms on quality of life before and after diagnosis of coeliac disease: results from a UK population survey. BMC Health Services Research, 10. pp. 105-112. ISSN 1472-6963

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2010) Report of technical meeting on health system performance assessment. . World Health Organization Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Smith, Peter C. (2010) Towards a common framework for health system performance assessment. . World Health Organization Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. (Submitted)

Wordsworth, Sarah, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Buchanan, J., Frayling, I., Taylor, J. and Tomlinson, I. (2008) Molecular testing for somatic cancer mutations: a survey of current and future testing in UK laboratories. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 61 (3). pp. 373-376. ISSN 0021-9746

Wordsworth, Sarah, Buchanan, J., Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Taylor, J., Frayling, I. and Tomlinson, I. (2008) Molecular testing for somatic mutations in common cancers: the views of UK oncologists. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 61 (6). pp. 761-765. ISSN 0021-9746

Smith, Peter C., Mossialos, Elias ORCID: 0000-0001-8664-9297 and Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 (2008) Performance measurement for health system improvement: experiences, challenges and prospects. Background document (2). World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Smith, Peter C. and Mossialos, Elias ORCID: 0000-0001-8664-9297 (2008) Principles of performance measurement. Euro Observer, 10 (1). pp. 1-5. ISSN 1020-7481

Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185, Smith, Peter C. and Mossialos, Elias ORCID: 0000-0001-8664-9297 (2008) What are the methodological issues related to measuring health care performance? . European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.

Allin, Sara, Masseria, Cristina, Sorenson, Corinna, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Mossialos, Elias ORCID: 0000-0001-8664-9297 (2007) Measuring inequalities in access to health care: a review of the indices? . European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.

Masseria, Cristina, Allin, Sara, Sorenson, Corinna, Papanicolas, Irene ORCID: 0000-0002-8000-3185 and Mossialos, Elias ORCID: 0000-0001-8664-9297 (2007) What are the methodological issues related to measuring health and drawing comparisons across countries? . European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.