Items where Author is "Brimblecombe, Nicola"

Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Clark, Michael ORCID: 0000-0003-4964-5005, Carlisle, Jessica ORCID: 0009-0004-2453-6069, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and MacGill, Miranda (2024) Supporting meaningful implementation and evaluation of strengths-based approaches in adult social care: a theory of change for The Three Conversations. British Journal of Social Work, 54 (6). 2583 - 2602. ISSN 0045-3102

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Gowen, Sara, Skyer, Robin and Moriarty, Jo (2024) Understanding the unmet support needs of young and young adult carers and their families. PLOS ONE, 19 (9). ISSN 1932-6203

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Gowen, Sara, Moriarty, Jo, Skyer, Robin, Bauer, Annette ORCID: 0000-0001-5156-1631 and Bou, Camille (2024) Types and aspects of support that young carers need and value, and barriers and enablers to access: the REBIAS-YC qualitative study. Health and Social Care Delivery Research, 12 (36). 1 - 108. ISSN 2755-0060

Cartagena-Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2024) Evaluating the association between receipt of a winter fuel cash transfer and older people’s care needs, quality of life, and housing quality: evidence from England. Social Science & Medicine, 355. ISSN 0277-9536

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Rajagopalan, Jayeeta ORCID: 0000-0002-1442-9786, Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X, Cartagena-Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317 and Pharoah, Daisy (2024) What is the relationship between older people’s housing characteristics and their care needs? Journal of Aging and Social Policy. ISSN 0895-9420 (In Press)

O’Neill, Adam, Shaw, Jenny, Plugge, Emma, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Hargreaves, Claire, Robinson, Catherine and Forsyth, Katrina (2024) Social care in prisons: urgent development required. Medicine, Science and the Law, 64 (3). 175 - 178. ISSN 0025-8024

De Poli, Chiara ORCID: 0000-0002-1879-553X, Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721, Rehill, Amritpal ORCID: 0000-0003-3826-2711, Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494 and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2024) I never planned for it” – exploration of expectations about caring for older parents. Social Policy and Administration. ISSN 0144-5596

Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Gowen, Sara, Skyer, Robin and Moriarty, Jo (2024) Young carers’ experiences of services and support: what is helpful and how can support be improved? PLOS ONE, 19 (3). ISSN 1932-6203

Cartagena Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317 and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2023) The economic cost of unpaid care to the public finances: inequalities in welfare benefits, forgone earnings-related tax revenue, and health service utilisation. Social Policy and Society. ISSN 1474-7464

Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X, Cartagena-Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Jadoolal, Shari and Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721 (2023) Projected costs of informal care for older people in England. European Journal of Health Economics. ISSN 1618-7598

Manthorpe, Jill, Moriarty, Jo, Damant, Jaqueline ORCID: 0000-0003-1425-272X, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Marczak, Joanna ORCID: 0000-0002-6955-1180, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 and Fernández, José Luis ORCID: 0000-0002-4190-7341 (2023) Local Online Information for carers in England: content and complexity. Practice. ISSN 0950-3153

King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Gronholm, Petra C., Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Hoffman, Mauricio S., Bonin, Eva-Maria ORCID: 0000-0001-9123-9217, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Kadel, Rajendra, Maughan, Barbara, O'Shea, Nick, Richards, Marcus, Hoomans, Ties and Evans-Lacko, Sara ORCID: 0000-0003-4691-2630 (2023) Effects of mental health status during adolescence on primary care costs in adulthood across three British cohorts. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. ISSN 0933-7954

Cartagena Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X (2023) Early onset of care needs in the older population: the protective role of housing conditions. Health and Place, 81. ISSN 1353-8292

Read, Sanna ORCID: 0000-0002-5532-8746, Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X, Dixon, Josie ORCID: 0000-0003-4772-6450, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721, Brayne, Carol and Banerjee, Sube (2023) Receipt of help by people with cognitive impairment: results from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Aging and Mental Health, 27 (2). 272 - 280. ISSN 1360-7863

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2023) The consequences for unpaid carers of unmet need for long-term care services in England. International Journal of Care and Caring, 7 (1). 114 - 130. ISSN 2397-8821

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Cartagena Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317 (2022) Inequalities in unpaid carer’s health, employment status and social isolation. Health and Social Care in the Community, 30 (6). e6564 - e6576. ISSN 0966-0410

Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494 and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2022) What can the experiences of young adult carers tell us about what can make services more helpful for them and their families? Journal of Youth Studies, 25 (9). 1182 - 1198. ISSN 1469-9680

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2022) Inequalities in receipt of long-term care services by disabled or older people and co-resident carer dyads in England. Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 30 (3). 268 - 286. ISSN 1759-8273

Marczak, Joanna ORCID: 0000-0002-6955-1180, Fernández, José-Luis ORCID: 0000-0002-4190-7341, Manthorpe, Jill, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Moriarty, Jo, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 and Snell, Tom (2022) How have the Care Act 2014 ambitions to support carers translated into local practice? Findings from a process evaluation study of local stakeholders' perceptions of Care Act implementation. Health and Social Care in the Community, 30 (5). e1711 - e1720. ISSN 0966-0410

Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X, Read, Sanna ORCID: 0000-0002-5532-8746, Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Rodrigues, Ricardo, Banerjee, Sube, Dixon, Josie ORCID: 0000-0003-4772-6450, Robinson, Louise, Rehill, Amritpal ORCID: 0000-0003-3826-2711 and Fernández, José-Luis ORCID: 0000-0002-4190-7341 (2022) Socioeconomic inequality of long-term care for older people with and without dementia in England. Ageing and Society. ISSN 0144-686X

Gronholm, Petra C., Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Maughan, Barbara, Richards, Marcus, Bonin, Eva-Maria ORCID: 0000-0001-9123-9217, Hoffmann, Mauricio S., Kadel, Rajendra, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Hoomans, Ties, O'Shea, Nick and Evans-Lacko, Sara ORCID: 0000-0003-4691-2630 (2022) Health service costs in adulthood associated with adolescent mental health problems in three British cohorts. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 25 (2). 39 - 52. ISSN 1091-4358

Hicks, Ben, Read, Sanna ORCID: 0000-0002-5532-8746, Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X, Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721, Grahamslaw, Amanda, Karim, Anomita, Martin, Evelyn, Nuzum, Eleanor, Reichental, Jacob, Russell, Alice, Siddle, Elaine, Storey, Bryony, Tipping, Eva, Baxter, Kate, Birks, Yvonne, Brayne, Carol, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Dangoor, Margaret, Dixon, Josie ORCID: 0000-0003-4772-6450, Gridley, Kate, Harris, Peter R., Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Miles, Eleanor, Perach, Rotem, Robinson, Louise, Rusted, Jennifer, Stewart, Rob, Thomas, Alan J. and Banerjee, Sube (2022) A cohort study of the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life of people newly diagnosed with dementia and their family carers. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 8 (1). ISSN 2352-8737

Cartagena Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317 and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2022) Understanding health trajectories among unpaid carers in the United Kingdom. Journal of Long-Term Care, 2022. 102 – 113. ISSN 2516-9122

Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Bou, Camille and Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721 (2022) Thinking about caring for older relatives in the future: a qualitative exploration. Ageing and Society. ISSN 0144-686X

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2022) The role of formal care services in supporting young people who provide unpaid care in England. Journal of Youth Studies, 25 (1). 1 - 16. ISSN 1367-6261

Read, Sanna ORCID: 0000-0002-5532-8746, Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X, Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Robinson, Louise and Banerjee, Sube (2021) A longitudinal study of functional unmet need among people with dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 84 (2). 705 - 716. ISSN 1387-2877

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494 and Cartagena Farias, Javiera ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-0317 (2020) The high cost of unpaid care by young people: health and economic impacts of providing unpaid care. BMC Public Health, 20 (1). ISSN 1471-2458

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Dorling, Danny and Green, Mark (2020) Who still dies young in a rich city? Revisiting the case of Oxford. Geographical Journal, 186 (2). 247 - 258. ISSN 0016-7398

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Fernández, José-Luis ORCID: 0000-0002-4190-7341, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Rehill, Amritpal ORCID: 0000-0003-3826-2711 and Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721 (2018) Unpaid care in England: future patterns and potential support strategies. . University of Kent at Canterbury. Personal Social Services Research Unit, London.

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Evans-Lacko, Sara ORCID: 0000-0003-4691-2630, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Takizawa, Ryu, Maughan, Barbara and Arseneault, Louise (2018) Long term economic impact associated with childhood bullying victimisation. Social Science & Medicine, 208. pp. 134-141. ISSN 0277-9536

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Fernández, José-Luis ORCID: 0000-0002-4190-7341, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Rehill, Amritpal ORCID: 0000-0003-3826-2711 and Wittenberg, Raphael ORCID: 0000-0003-3096-2721 (2018) Review of the international evidence on support for unpaid carers. Journal of Long-term Care (September). pp. 25-40. ISSN 2516-9122

Pickard, Linda, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2017) Public expenditure costs of carers leaving employment in England, 2015/2016. Health and Social Care in the Community, 26 (1). e132-e142. ISSN 0966-0410

Pickard, Linda, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2017) ‘Replacement Care’ for working carers? A longitudinal study in England, 2013–15. Social Policy and Administration. ISSN 0144-5596

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Pickard, Linda, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2017) Barriers to receipt of social care services for working carers and the people they care for in times of austerity. Journal of Social Policy. ISSN 0047-2794

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Pickard, Linda, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2017) Perceptions of unmet needs for community social care services in England. A comparison of working carers and the people they care for. Health and Social Care in the Community, 25 (2). pp. 435-446. ISSN 0966-0410

Evans-Lacko, Sara ORCID: 0000-0003-4691-2630, Takizawa, Ryu, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Maughan, Barbara and Arseneault, Louise (2017) Childhood bullying victimisation is associated with use of mental health services over five decades: a longitudinal nationally-representative cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 47 (1). pp. 127-135. ISSN 0033-2917

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215, Murguia, Silvia, Mbeah-Bankas, Henrietta, Crane, Steve, Harris, Abi, Evans-Lacko, Sara ORCID: 0000-0003-4691-2630, Ardino, Vittoria, Iemmi, Valentina ORCID: 0000-0003-3301-0689 and King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 (2015) The role of youth mental health services in the treatment of young people with serious mental illness: two-year outcomes and economic implications. Early Intervention in Psychiatry. ISSN 1751-7885

Pickard, Linda, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2015) Social care services and carers’ employment: does 'replacement care' work? In: NIHR School for Social Care Research Annual Conference, 2015-03-24, London, United Kingdom, GBR.

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Bonin, Eva-Maria ORCID: 0000-0001-9123-9217, King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 and Beecham, Jennifer (2015) Using the ALSPAC cohort study to investigate the effect of clustering and persistence of adverse childhood experiences on education attainment. In: CLS Cohort Studies Research Conference, 2015-03-17, London, United Kingdom, GBR.

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2015) Youth mental health services. In: LSE Research Festival 2015, 2015-05-21, London, United Kingdom, GBR.

Stevens, Madeleine ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-3494, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Hu, Bo ORCID: 0000-0002-5256-505X (2014) Sue and Aaron: services for struggling families. Tales from Social Care: Comic of Research Findings (27 Nov 2014). Website.

Zigante, Valentina ORCID: 0000-0002-9246-5862, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558 (2014) Informing and improving policy and practice for carers through research and evaluation. LSE Health and Social Care (16 Jun 2014). Website.

King, Derek ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-4558, Pickard, Linda, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Knapp, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-0215 (2014) Numbers of working carers whose employment is 'at risk' in England. Research, Policy and Planning, 31 (1). pp. 29-42. ISSN 0264-519X

Shaw, Mary, Orford, Scott, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Dorling, Daniel (2000) Widening inequality in mortality between 160 regions of 15 European countries in the early 1990s. Social Science & Medicine, 50 (7-8). pp. 1047-1058. ISSN 0277-9536

Dorling, Daniel, Shaw, Mary and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2000) Housing wealth and community health: exploring the role of migration. In: Graham, Hilary, (ed.) Understanding Health Inequalites. Open University. ISBN 9780335205530

Shaw, Mary, Dorling, Danny and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (2000) Researching national patterns in mortality through local investigation. In: Earickson, Robert and Macintyre, Sally, (eds.) Selected Papers From the 8th International Symposium on Medical Geography. Pergamon Press (Oxford, England), Oxford, UK.

Shaw, Mary, Orford, Scott, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Dorling, Danny (2000) Widening inequality in mortality between 160 regions of 15 countries in the early 1990s. In: Earickson, Robert and Macintyre, Sally, (eds.) Selected Papers From the 8th International Symposium on Medical Geography. Pergamon Press (Oxford, England), Oxford, UK.

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Dorling, Danny and Shaw, Mary (1999) Where the poor die in a rich city: the case of Oxford. Health and Place, 5 (4). pp. 287-300. ISSN 1353-8292

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (1999) Inspecting the inspection system. In: Dorling, Daniel and Simpson, Stephen, (eds.) Statistics in Society: the Arithmetics of Politics. Arnold applications of statistics series. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780340719947

Shaw, Mary, Dorling, Danny and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (1998) Changing the map: health in Britain 1951-1991. In: Bartley, Mel, Blane, David and Davey Smith, George, (eds.) The Sociology of Health Inequalities. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9780631209294

Shaw, Mary, Dorling, Danny and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (1998) Explaining geographical inequalities in health. Health Variations: the Official Newsletter of the ESRC Health Variations Programme, 2. pp. 8-9.

Shaw, Mary, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Dorling, Danny (1998) Mortality rates in HMOs. Bedsit Briefing (64). ISSN 0952-6064

Shaw, Mary, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Dorling, Danny (1998) A dog’s life: there are deadly consequences to living in poverty. Housing Today (26 Mar 1998). Website.

Shaw, Mary, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Dorling, Danny (1998) The doctor won’t see you now. Housing Today (05 Feb 1998). Website.

Shaw, Mary, Dorling, Danny and Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (1998) Health problems in houses in multiple occupation. Environmental Health Journal, 106 (10). pp. 280-281.

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (1998) Living and dying in Oxford : the spatial polarization of life chances. . Univeristy of Bristol, Bristol, UK. ISBN 086924669

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Shaw, Mary and Dorling, Danny (1997) It's not such a wonderful life. Roof. ISSN 0307-6911

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Shaw, Marian and Ormston, Michael (1996) Teachers' intention to change practice as a result of Ofsted school inspections. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 24 (4). pp. 339-354. ISSN 1741-1432

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 (1996) Evaluation of the work of the sexual health link worker in Oxfordshire. . Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Ormston, Michael and Shaw, Marian (1996) Gender differences in teacher response to school inspection. Educational Studies, 22 (1). pp. 27-40. ISSN 0305-5698

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Ormston, Michael and Shaw, Marian (1996) Teachers' perceptions of school inspection. In: Ouston, Janet, Earley, Peter and Fidler, Brian, (eds.) Ofsted Inspections: The Early Experience. David Fulton Publishers, London, UK. ISBN 1853464082

Shaw, Marian, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Ormston, Michael (1995) Teachers' perceptions of school inspection. In: BERA/ECER Conference, 1995-09-01. (Submitted)

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Ormston, Michael and Shaw, Marian (1995) Modified tactics. Education (23 Jun 1995). Website.

Ormston, Michael, Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726 and Shaw, Marian (1995) Inspection and change: help or hindrance for the classroom teacher. British Journal of In-Service Education, 21 (3). pp. 311-318. ISSN 0305-7631

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Ormston, Michael and Shaw, Marian (1995) Teachers’ perceptions of school inspection: a stressful experience. Cambridge Journal of Education, 25 (1). 53 - 61. ISSN 0305-764X

Brimblecombe, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5726, Ormston, Michael and Shaw, Marian (1994) Teachers' perceptions of school inspection. In: British Educational Research Association Annual Conference 1994, 1994-09-08 - 2014-09-11, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, GBR. (Submitted)