Peterson, J. E.
(2012)
The GCC states: participation, opposition, and the fraying of the social contract.
Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States (26).
London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
Abstract
While the popular discontent visibly sweeping the Arab world in 2011–12 has not had the same impact on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, there have been serious repercussions and doubts have been raised about the legitimacy of the political systems. Causes of unrest include economic grievances, sectarian discrimination, and frustration at the lack of effective political participation. Many citizens reject the validity of existing avenues for informal participation and demand reform of the system and more substantial participation in it. Civil society remains restricted by government obstructions. The window to public advocacy of change and even replacement of existing regimes has been opened, particularly in Bahrain. Social media play an increasing role in disseminating ideas and information, in circulating grievances, and in organizing demonstrations. Ruling families have been slow and reluctant to respond, thus threatening to unravel the implicit social contract between rulers and ruled. Tensions are not likely to be resolved in the near future.
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