Responsible sourcing? Theory and evidence from Costa Rica

Alfaro-Urena, Alonso, Faber, Benjamin, Gaubert, Cecile, Manelici, Isabela ORCID: 0000-0001-8038-980X and Vasquez Carvajal, Jose Pablo ORCID: 0009-0003-7880-8747 (2023) Responsible sourcing? Theory and evidence from Costa Rica. CEP Discussion Papers (CEPDP1909). London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance, London, UK.

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Abstract

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) increasingly impose "Responsible Sourcing" (RS) standards on their suppliers worldwide, including requirements on worker compensation, benefits and working conditions. Are these policies just "hot air" or do they impact exposed suppliers and their workers? What is the welfare incidence of RS in sourcing countries? To answer these questions, we develop a quantitative general equilibrium (GE) model of RS and combine it with a unique new database. In the theory, we show that the welfare implications of RS are ambiguous, depending on an interplay between what is akin to an export tax (+) and a labor market distortion (-). Empirically, we combine the near-universe of RS rollouts by MNE subsidiaries in Costa Rica since 2009 with firm-to-firm transactions and matched employer-employee microdata. We find that RS rollouts lead to significant reductions in firm sales and employment at exposed suppliers, an increase in their salaries to initially low-wage workers and a reduction in their low-wage employment share. We then use the estimated effects and the microdata to calibrate the model and quantify GE counterfactuals. We find that while MNE RS policies have led to significant gains among the roughly one third of low-wage workers employed at exposed suppliers ex ante, the majority of low-wage workers lose due to adverse indirect effects on their wages and the domestic price index.

Item Type:	Monograph (Discussion Paper)
Official URL:	https://cep.lse.ac.uk/_new/publications/discussion...
Additional Information:	© 2023 The Author(s)
Divisions:	Centre for Economic Performance Economics Management
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions H Social Sciences > HF Commerce H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor
JEL classification:	F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F10 - General
Date Deposited:	15 Jan 2024 17:06
Last Modified:	20 Dec 2024 00:23
URI:	http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/121341

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