Should bads be inflicted all at once, like Machiavelli said? Evidence from life-satisfaction data

Frijters, Paul, Krekel, Christian and Ulker, Aydogan (2023) Should bads be inflicted all at once, like Machiavelli said? Evidence from life-satisfaction data. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 205. 1 - 27. ISSN 0167-2681

Text (Should Bads Be Inflicted All at Once, Like Machiavelli Said) - Accepted Version Repository staff only until 16 May 2024. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. Download (1MB) | Request a copy

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Abstract

Is wellbeing, measured by life satisfaction, higher if the same number of negative events is spread out rather than bunched in time? Is it better if positive events are spread out or bunched? We answer these questions empirically, exploiting biannual data on six positive and twelve negative life events in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel. Accounting for selection, anticipation, and adaptation, we find a tipping point when it comes to negative events: once people experience about two negative events, their wellbeing depreciates disproportionally as more and more events occur in a given period of time. For positive events, effects are weakly decreasing in size. So for a person's wellbeing it is better if both the good and the bad is spread out rather than bunched in time. This corresponds better with the classic economic presumption of diminishing marginal effects rather than Machiavelli's prescript of inflicting all injuries at once, further motivating the use of life satisfaction as a suitable proxy for utility. Yet, differences are small, with complete smoothing of all negative events over all people and periods calculated to yield no more than a 12% reduction in the total negative wellbeing impact of negative events.

Item Type:	Article
Official URL:	https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-e...
Additional Information:	© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Divisions:	Psychological and Behavioural Science
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory
JEL classification:	I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I3 - Welfare and Poverty > I31 - General Welfare; Basic Needs; Living Standards; Quality of Life; Happiness D - Microeconomics > D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics > D10 - General
Date Deposited:	30 Nov 2022 10:39
Last Modified:	15 Apr 2024 20:48
URI:	http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/117439

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