Mapping moral language on US presidential primary campaigns reveals rhetorical networks of political division and unity

Hackenburg, Kobi, Brady, William J and Tsakiris, Manos (2023) Mapping moral language on US presidential primary campaigns reveals rhetorical networks of political division and unity. PNAS Nexus, 2 (6). ISSN 2752-6542

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Abstract

During political campaigns, candidates use rhetoric to advance competing visions and assessments of their country. Research reveals that the moral language used in this rhetoric can significantly influence citizens’ political attitudes and behaviors; however, the moral language actually used in the rhetoric of elites during political campaigns remains understudied. Using a data set of every tweet (N=139,412) published by 39 US presidential candidates during the 2016 and 2020 primary elections, we extracted moral language and constructed network models illustrating how candidates’ rhetoric is semantically connected. These network models yielded two key discoveries. First, we find that party affiliation clusters can be reconstructed solely based on the moral words used in candidates’ rhetoric. Within each party, popular moral values are expressed in highly similar ways, with Democrats emphasizing careful and just treatment of individuals and Republicans emphasizing in-group loyalty and respect for social hierarchies. Second, we illustrate the ways in which outsider candidates like Donald Trump can separate themselves during primaries by using moral rhetoric that differs from their parties’ common language. Our findings demonstrate the functional use of strategic moral rhetoric in a campaign context and show that unique methods of text network analysis are broadly applicable to the study of campaigns and social movements.

Item Type:	Article
Official URL:	https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus
Additional Information:	© 2023 The Author(s)
Divisions:	Media and Communications
Subjects:	P Language and Literature H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications J Political Science
Date Deposited:	05 Sep 2023 11:36
Last Modified:	25 Apr 2024 18:36
URI:	http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/120152

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