Are environmental social movements socially exclusive? An historical study from Thailand

Forsyth, Tim ORCID: 0000-0001-7227-9475 (2007) Are environmental social movements socially exclusive? An historical study from Thailand. World Development, 35 (12). pp. 2110-2130. ISSN 0305-750X

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Abstract

Environmental social movements in developing countries are often portrayed as democratizing but may contain important social divisions. This paper presents a new methodology to analyze the social composition and underlying political messages of movements. Nearly 5 000 newspaper reports during 1968–2000 in Thailand are analyzed to indicate the participation of middle and lower classes, and their association with “green” (conservationist) and “red-green” (livelihoods-oriented) environmental values. Results show middle-class “green” activism has dominated forests activism, but lower-class “red-green” activism has grown for forests and pollution. Newspapers, however, portray all environmentalism as “democratization,” suggesting that the possible exclusiveness of some environmental norms is unacknowledged.

Item Type:	Article
Official URL:	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev
Additional Information:	© 2007 Elsevier
Divisions:	International Development
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) H Social Sciences > HM Sociology
Date Deposited:	06 May 2008 15:57
Last Modified:	26 Sep 2025 23:36
URI:	http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/4659

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