Bovens, Luc and Hartmann, Stephan 
  
(2002)
Bayesian networks and the problem of unreliable instruments.
    Philosophy of Science, 69 (1).
     pp. 29-72.
     ISSN 0031-8248
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
      
      
    
  
  
    
  
  
    Abstract
    We appeal to the theory of Bayesian Networks to model different strategies for obtaining confirmation for a hypothesis from experimental test results provided by less than fully reliable instruments. In particular, we consider (i) repeated measurements of a single test consequence of the hypothesis, (ii) measurements of multiple test consequences of the hypothesis, (iii) theoretical support for the reliability of the instrument, and (iv) calibration procedures. We evaluate these strategies on their relative merits under idealized conditions and show some surprising repercussions on the variety-of-evidence thesis and the Duhem-Quine thesis.
  
  
  
  
  
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