Reporting guideline for chatbot health advice studies: the CHART statement

Huo, Bright, Collins, Gary, Chartash, David, Thirunavukarasu, Arun, Flanagin, Annette, Iorio, Alfonso, Cacciamani, Giovanni, Chen, Xi, Liu, Nan, Mathur, Piyush, Chan, An-Wen, Laine, Christine, Pacella, Daniela, Berkwits, Michael, Antoniou, Stavros A., Camaradou, Jennifer C., Canfield, Carolyn, Mittelman, Michael, Feeney, Timothy, Loder, Elizabeth, Agha, Riaz, Saha, Ashirbani, Mayol, Julio, Sunjaya, Anthony, Harvey, Hugh, Ng, Jeremy Y., McKechnie, Tyler, Lee, Yung, Verma, Nipun, Stiglic, Gregor, McCradden, Melissa, Ramji, Karim, Boudreau, Vanessa, Ortenzi, Monica, Meerpohl, Joerg, Vandvik, Per Olav, Agoritsas, Thomas, Samuel, Diana, Frankish, Helen, Anderson, Michael ORCID: 0000-0002-8454-4640, Yao, Xiaomei, Loeb, Stacy, Lokker, Cynthia, Liu, Xiaoxuan, Guallar, Eliseo and Guyatt, Gordon (2025) Reporting guideline for chatbot health advice studies: the CHART statement. BMC Medicine, 23 (1). ISSN 1741-7015

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Abstract

Background: The Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART) is a reporting guideline developed to provide reporting recommendations for studies evaluating the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots when summarizing clinical evidence and providing health advice, referred to as Chatbot Health Advice (CHA) studies. Methods: CHART was developed in several phases after performing a comprehensive systematic review to identify variation in the conduct, reporting, and methodology in CHA studies. Findings from the review were used to develop a draft checklist that was revised through an international, multidisciplinary modified asynchronous Delphi consensus process of 531 stakeholders, three synchronous panel consensus meetings of 48 stakeholders, and subsequent pilot testing of the checklist. Results: CHART includes 12 items and 39 subitems to promote transparent and comprehensive reporting of CHA studies. These include Title (subitem 1a), Abstract/Summary (subitem 1b), Background (subitems 2ab), Model Identifiers (subitems 3ab), Model Details (subitems 4abc), Prompt Engineering (subitems 5ab), Query Strategy (subitems 6abcd), Performance Evaluation (subitems 7ab), Sample Size (subitem 8), Data Analysis (subitem 9a), Results (subitems 10abc), Discussion (subitems 11abc), Disclosures (subitem 12a), Funding (subitem 12b), Ethics (subitem 12c), Protocol (subitem 12d), and Data Availability (subitem 12e). Conclusion: The CHART checklist and corresponding methodological diagram were designed to support key stakeholders including clinicians, researchers, editors, peer reviewers, and readers in reporting, understanding, and interpreting the findings of CHA studies.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2025 The Author(s)
Divisions:	LSE Health
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Computer software R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 08:12
Last Modified:	27 Aug 2025 16:21
URI:	http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/129004

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