Social media and political polarisation

Levy, Gilat and Razin, Ronny (2020) Social media and political polarisation. LSE Public Policy Review, 1 (1). ISSN 2633-4046

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• https://doi.org/10.31389/lseppr.5

Abstract

The rise in populism in the Western world, most evident in the results of the 2016 Brexit referendum and the 2016 United States presidential election, has often been connected with the rise of social media. The unique character of social media has allowed extreme and polarised beliefs, two of the most identifiable features of populism, to emerge and spread in society through permitting the creation of echo chambers on a new larger scale, and providing new means for political campaigners and interested third parties to influence voter opinion. The abundance of information on social media might trigger voters to use simple heuristics to aggregate multiple sources of information. In this paper we report on several studies that focus on the implications of one such documented bias: “correlation neglect”, the propensity to treat information sources as if they are (conditionally) independent. We discuss the relation between correlation neglect and polarisation in opinions and party platforms. We also discuss how targeted political campaigns in the presence of correlation neglect may bias voters from different groups in different directions. Specifically, competition in targeted social media campaigns increases polarisation among extreme voters but at the same time increases the randomness and unpredictability of moderates’ voting behaviour. These findings are consistent with new data on the evolution of US voters’ opinions in the last five decades. The data show a significant change in the trajectory of the opinions of moderates versus extreme voters starting from the mid 90s, which is consistent with the rise in the ability of campaigns more effectively to target and bombard voters with information through social media.

Item Type:	Article
Official URL:	https://ppr.lse.ac.uk/
Additional Information:	© 2020 CC-BY The Authors
Divisions:	Economics
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HM Sociology J Political Science > JC Political theory J Political Science > JF Political institutions (General)
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2020 15:00
Last Modified:	15 Sep 2023 16:32
URI:	http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/105790

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