Guida, Alessandro, Gobet, Fernand 
ORCID: 0000-0002-9317-6886, Tardieu, Hubert and Nicolas, Serge
(2012)
How chunks, long-term working memory and templates offer a cognitive explanation for neuroimaging data on expertise acquisition: a two-stage framework.
Brain and Cognition, 79 (3).
221 - 244.
ISSN 0278-2626
Abstract
Our review of research on PET and fMRI neuroimaging of experts and expertise acquisition reveals two apparently discordant patterns in working-memory-related tasks. When experts are involved, studies show activations in brain regions typically activated during long-term memory tasks that are not observed with novices, a result that is compatible with functional brain reorganization. By contrast, when involving novices and training programs, studies show a decrease in brain regions typically activated during working memory tasks, with no functional reorganization. We suggest that the latter result is a consequence of practice periods that do not allow important structures to be completely acquired: knowledge structures (i.e., Ericsson and Kintsch's retrieval structures; Gobet and Simon's templates) and in a lesser way, chunks. These structures allow individuals to improve performance on working-memory tasks, by enabling them to use part of long-term memory as working memory, causing a cerebral functional reorganization. Our hypothesis is that the two brain activation patterns observed in the literature are not discordant, but involve the same process of expertise acquisition in two stages: from decreased activation to brain functional reorganization. The dynamic of these two physiological stages depend on the two above-mentioned psychological constructs: chunks and knowledge structures.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Official URL: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/brain-and-co... |
| Additional Information: | © 2012 Elsevier Inc |
| Divisions: | CPNSS |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Dec 2019 09:24 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Nov 2024 18:48 |
| URI: | http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/102838 |
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